Glaz LineScan-I-Gen2 and Glaz-LineScan-I in Academic Research

Overview

Applications span femtosecond-resolved transient absorption, terahertz spectroscopy, and polarization-resolved measurements across a range of molecular and material systems. The listed studies demonstrate the integration of LineScan imaging in high-precision experimental setups within leading research institutions.

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2016 | Ultrafast photochromism in metal-organic complexes

Author: Von Stein, Xavier

Published: Dec 30, 2016

Faculty/Institution: Faculty of Science, Dept. of Physics, Stellenbosch University

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Abstract:

Dithizone(H2Dz), an analytical reagent typically used in colourimetric analysis, reacts with various transition metals to form metal dithizonate complexes. These complexes display strong absorption in the visible region of the spectrum and exhibit photochromism: a photo-induced reversible transformation of the reactant to a product form with a distinctly different absorption spectrum. The photo-isomerisation of a C=N bond in the dithizone's backbone is responsible for this behaviour. This mechanism was confirmed in 2011 by the first ultra-fast study on dithizonatophenylmercury(II) (DPM), a single liganded complex. To compliment this study, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to capture temporally and spectrally resolved spectra of the photo-induced reaction in the dithizone ligand and select two-liganded dithizontates following excitation at their absorption maxima. The ligand, as well as the two-liganded Hg(HDz)2, Pb(HDz)2 and Zn(HDz)2 complexes showed two reaction paths following photo-excitation. The first path is associated with an evolution along the rotational isomerisation coordinate which leads to product formation and ground state recovery with a time constant of 1 ps.

This is in accordance to what was found for DPM. The second reaction path leads to a re-population of the ground state with a time constant of 10 ps. A physical process could not definitively be assigned to the second pathway, although it is speculated that it may be due to an unstable intermediate along the C=N inversion coordinate. As the 1 and 10 ps paths were found to be intrinsic to the ligand, it was concluded that the second ligand does not participate in the dynamics, at least not on times below 500 ps. The Ni(HDz)2 complex was not analysed in detail due to complexities that arise given the possibility of ligand-ligand interactions and possible metal to ligand or ligand to metal charge transfer processes.

Keywords: Photoisomerisation, Photochromism, Photochemistry, Metal dithizonates, Spectroscopy, UCTD

Source: Stellenbosch University

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2019 | Lidar thermometry using two-line atomic fluorescence

Authors: Malmqvist, E.; Borggren, J.; Aldén,M.; Bood, J.

Published: Jan 31, 2019

Faculty/Institution:

·        Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University

·        Norsk Elektro Optikk Lund AB

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Summary:

Accurate temperature measurements are critical for understanding and optimizing combustion processes. However, large industrial flames and furnaces often restrict optical access to a single port, making spatially resolved thermometry over meter-scale distances challenging.

This study demonstrates a solution by combining Scheimpflug lidar with two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) of indium to perform remote, spatially resolved temperature measurements at 1.5 m from a flat McKenna burner. Two tunable diode lasers at410.17 and 451.12 nm excite the indium atoms, and the resulting fluorescence is recorded using either a Synertronic's Glaz LineScan detector or a conventional 2D intensified CCD camera.

Key advantages of the Glaz line array include:

• High-speed, high-throughput detection: Operating at up to 4000 fps, the Glaz enables rapid accumulation and averaging of 400 exposures per laser band, improving SNR compared to 7.7 fps of the ICCD.
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• Compact and robust design: Its 1D, 280–1000 nm sensitive CMOS format fits naturally with CW diode laser Scheimpflug lidar, supporting field deployable, single-optical-port measurements.
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• Adequate spatial resolution over meter-scale ranges: Effective pixel-limited resolution at 1.5 m is ~1.7 mm, sufficient for accurate flame profiling.
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• Low noise and repeatable temperature profiles: Standard deviation across plateau regions at 2 mm above the burner is 11 K for the Glaz vs. 25 K for the ICCD, demonstrating smoother and more reliable readings.
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• Enabling single optical port TLAF thermometry: The Glaz is central to achieving accurate, compact, and fast 1D TLAF measurements in combustion environments.

Source: Optica

DOI

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2020 | Reduction of recombination rates due to volume increasing, annealing, and tetraethoxysilicate treatment in hematite thin films

Authors: S. Congolo, M. J. Madito, A. T.Paradzah, A. J. Harrison, H. M. A. M. Elnour, T. P. J. Krüger & M. Diale

Published: Feb 10, 2020

Faculty/Institution:

·        Department of Physics, University of Pretoria

·        iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation

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Summary:

The ultrafast transient absorption measurements on hematite thin films use a spectrograph+ CMOS line‑scan camera detection chain built around a Glaz LineScan‑I sensor from Synertronic Designs. After the sample, “the probe pulses were carefully aligned into a fiber cable connected to a spectrograph which dispersed the probe onto a CMOS sensor (Glaz LineScan-I, Synertronic Designs), so that the transmitted spectrum could be recorded”. This brings several advantages:

• Single‑shot, broadband spectral detection at 1 kHz: The system uses a 1 kHz, 150 fs Ti:sapphire laser and a white‑light continuum probe in the visible range. The Glaz LineScan‑I captures the dispersed probe spectrum for every pump–probe delay, enabling construction of 2D ΔA(λ, t) maps and global kinetic analysis.
• High stability for pump‑on / pump‑off referencing: A chopper in the pump arm generates sequential “pump‑on and pump‑off measurements”. Reliable subtraction (ΔA = A_pumped – A_unpumped) over thousands of shots requires low drift and high linearity of the line‑scan detector, allowing the team to resolve small changes in absorbance associated with electron–hole dynamics.
• Data quality sufficient for multi‑component global analysis: Using the Glaz‑based detection, the authors generate 2D TA intensity maps where “the measured TA signal is a sum of at least three     contributions, namely, excited state absorption (ESA) of electrons and holes, ground-state bleach (GSB), and stimulated emission (SE)”. Global SVD‑based analysis then resolves three evolution‑associated spectra and lifetimes on ultrafast, 10–20 ps and 320–854 ps scales for eight different film treatments. This level of spectral‑temporal discrimination demands low‑noise, repeatable spectral readout.
• Enabling correlation of morphology and recombination kinetics: Because the Glaz LineScan‑I provides robust TA datasets across all samples, the study can cleanly compare how TEOS treatment, annealing, and increased spray volume slow recombination by factors up to ~1.8 on all three timescales and connect these kinetic changes to structural modifications observed by Raman and AFM.

Overall, the Glaz LineScan transforms the femtosecond pump–probe setup into a quantitative tool that can resolve subtle, treatment‑dependent changes in recombination dynamics in hematite thin films, directly informing strategies to enhance solar water‑splitting performance.

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Source: DOI

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2021 | Single 3.3 fs multiple plate compression light source in ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy

Authors: Ronnie R. Tamming, Chao-Yang Lin, Justin M. Hodgkiss, Shang-Da Yang, Kai Chen & Chih-Hsuan Lu

Published: Jun 18, 2021

Faculty/Institution:

·        School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington

·        MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand

·        Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington

·        Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University

·        Wellington UniVentures, Victoria University of Wellington

·        The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies

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Abstract:

Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal excited state dynamics in various materials. Conventionally, probe pulses are generated via bulk supercontinuum generation or (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifierswhilst pump pulses are generated separately using (noncollinear) optical parametric amplifiers. These systems are limited by either their spectral density, stability, spectral range, and/or temporal compressibility. Recently,a new intense broadband light source is being developed, the multi-plate compression, which promises to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we analyze the supercontinuum generated by a single Multiple Plate Compressionsystem to set a benchmark for its use in the field of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. We have compressed the supercontinuum to 3.3 fs using chirp mirrors alone, making it an excellent candidate for pump-probe experiment srequiring high temporal resolution. Furthermore, the single light source can be used to generate both probe and pump pulses due to its high spectral density(>14.5 nJ/nm) between 490 and 890 nm. The intensity has an average shot-to-shot relative standard deviation of 4.6 % over 490 to 890 nm, calculated over 2,000 sequential shots. By using only 1,000 shot pairs, a\Delta T/T noise level of 2.6\times 10^{-4} RMS is achieved. Finally, as a proof of concept, the transient absorption spectrum of a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite film is taken, showing great signal to noise with only 1,000shot pairs. These results show great potential for the employment of this technique in other spectroscopic techniques such as coherent multidimensional spectroscopy.

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Source: Nature

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2021 | Two-dimensional ultrafast transient absorption spectrograph covering deep-ultraviolet to visible spectral region optimized for biomolecules

Authors: Maryam Nazari Haghighi Pashaki, Nina Mosimann-Schönbächler, Aaron Riede, Michela Gazzetto, Ariana Rondi and Andrea Cannizzo

Published: Jun 21, 2021

Faculty/Institution: Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern

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Abstract:

We report on the implementation of a multi-kHz single-shot referenced non-coherent two-dimensional UV spectrograph based on conventional pump-probe geometry. It has the capability to cover a broad spectral region in excitation from270-to-380 nm and in the detection from 270-to-390 nm and 320-to-720 nm. Other setups features are: an unprecedented time resolution of 33 fs (standard deviation); signals are photometrically corrected; a single-shot noise of <1mOD. It has the capability to operate with sample volumes as small as few μlwhich is an accomplishment in studying biological or biomimetic systems. To show its performances and potentials, we report two preliminary studies on the photophysics of phenanthrenes hosted in a multichromophoric antenna system and of aromatic amino acids in a blue-copper azurin.

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Source: JPhys Photonics

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2022 | Mono-Doped and Co-Doped Nanostructured Hematitefor Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Authors: Justine Sageka Nyarige, Alexander T. Paradzah, Tjaart P. J. Krüger and Mmantsae Diale

Published: Jan 24, 2022

Faculty/Institution: Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, South Africa

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Abstract:

In this study, zinc-doped (𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn), silver-doped (𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Ag) and zinc/silver co-doped hematite (𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn/Ag) nanostructures were synthesized by spray pyrolysis. The synthesized nanostructures were used as photoanodes in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for water splitting. A significant improvement in photocurrent density of 0.470 mAcm^-2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was recorded for 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn/Ag. The 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Ag, 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn and pristine hematite samples produced photocurrent densities of 0.270, 0.160, and 0.033 mAcm^-2, respectively. Mott–Schottky analysis showed that 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn/Ag had the highest free carrier density of 8.75 x 10²⁰ cm^-3, while pristine 𝛼-Fe₂O₃, 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn, 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Ag had carrier densities of 1.57 x 10¹⁹, 5.63 x 10²⁰, and 6.91 x 10²⁰ cm^-3, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra revealed a low impedance for 𝛼-Fe₂O₃:Zn/Ag. X-ray diffraction confirmed the rhombohedral corundum structure of hematite. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs, on the other hand, showed uniformly distributed grains with an average size of <30 nm. The films were absorbing in the visible region with an absorption onset ranging from 652 to 590 nm, corresponding to a bandgap range of 1.9 to 2.1 eV. Global analysis of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy data revealed four decay lifetimes, with a reduction in the electron-hole recombination rate of the doped samples on a timescale of tens of picoseconds.

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Source: MDPI

DOI

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2022 | Molecular Aggregates Associated THz Coherent Vibrations Contribute to Enhancements of Emission Efficiencies

Authors: Yu-Chen Wei, Bo-Han Chen, Ren-SiangYe, Hsing-Wei Huang, Jia-Xuan Su, Kai Chen, Lian-Yan Hsu, Yun Chi, Chih-HsuanLu, Shang-Da Yang, Pi-Tai Chou

Published: Oct 6, 2022

Faculty/Institution:

·        Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University

·        Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University

·        Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington

·        The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies

·        MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology

·        Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica

·        Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong

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Abstract:

The control of excited-state vibrational and electronic energy flows in molecular solids has a considerable impact on the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this study, we applied a novel ultrafast pump-probe system with 3.2 fs resolution to demonstrate that the aggregated Pt(II) complex 4H, an efficient near infrared emitter, exhibits prominent single-mode vibrational coherence (VC) with a frequency of 32 cm−1 (~ 0.96 THz) in the excited state. This single-mode VC is associated with the collective out-of-plane motions induced by intermolecular metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions, which occur through ultrafast intersystem crossings with lifetimes of 150 fs. Similar single-mode VC characteristics were observed in analogues of 4H and other Pt(II) complexes with intense NIR emission. The conservation of single-mode VC enables excited-state deactivation to proceed along low-frequency coordinates, which contributes to the suppression of nonradiative decay rates and causes highly 36intense near-infrared emission in aggregated Pt(II) complexes. These novel results highlight the importance of VC in understanding nonradiative processes, elucidating the foundations of VC in molecular solid, which serve as a benchmark for evolving the device performance.

Source: Research Square

DOI ‍

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2023 | Atomically Precise Distorted Nanographenes: The Effect of Different Edge Functionalization on the Photophysical Properties down to the Femtosecond Scale

Authors: Marco Reale, Alice Sciortino, Marco Cannas, Ermelinda Maçoas, Arthur H. G. David, Carlos M. Cruz, Araceli G.Campaña and Fabrizio Messina

Published: Jan 15, 2023

Faculty/ Institution:

·        Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo

·        Centrode Química Estrutural e Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)

·        Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada

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Abstract:

Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry.

Keywords: atomically precise nanographenes; fluorescent nanomaterials; distorted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivatives; optical properties

Source: MDPI

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2023 | Isolating Pure Donor and Acceptor Signals by Polarization-Controlled Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Authors: Yi Xu, Lars Mewes, Erling Thyrhaug, Vladislav Sláma, František Šanda, Heinz Langhals and Jürgen Hauer

Published: Jun 6, 2023

Faculty/Institution:

·        Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Professorship of Dynamic Spectroscopy

·        Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University

·        Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München    

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Summary:

Study demonstrates a polarization-based approach to separate donor and acceptor contributions in a dyad with orthogonal transition dipole moments. Using polarization-controlled transient absorption (TA)spectroscopy, the authors systematically vary pump–probe polarization and record parallel, perpendicular, and magic angle configurations. A Synertronic's Glaz LineScan-I-Gen2 CMOS linear array is used as the high-speed spectrally resolved detector for the broadband UV–visible probe.

Key advantages of the Glaz LineScan-I-Gen2 include:

• Simultaneous probe/reference detection for low noise TA: Parallel acquisition stabilizes ΔA retrieval and enables detection of subtle polarization-dependent differences.
• High temporal throughput for dense pump–probe sampling: Supports 5 kHz, 30 fs pulse repetition and 15 fs pump–probe step sizes, allowing accumulation of high-SNR 2D datasets.
• Broadband UV–visible coverage: Captures donor and acceptor ground state bleach (GSB) and excited state absorption (ESA) bands across 350–700 nm in a single shot.
• Enabling polarization-resolved TA and anisotropy analysis: Supports global lifetime and anisotropy analysis to isolate donor and acceptor contributions and resolve kinetic components from sub-100 fs to multi-nanoseconds.
• Supporting mechanistic conclusions on energy transfer: High-quality TA data enables extraction of ~0.96 ps energy transfer times, confirming FRET-dominated dynamics with negligible Dexter transfer.

Source: ACS Publications

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2024 | Resolving individual carrier dynamics with kHz single-shot optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy in high magnetic fields

Authors: Blake S. Dastrup, Peter R.Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Keith A. Nelson

Published: Mar 12, 2024

Faculty/Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Summary:

This paper introduces a kHz single-shot OPTP technique in high magnetic fields (0–9 T) that isolates individual carrier dynamics. The key innovation is an echelon-based single-shot detection system using Synertronic’s Glaz LineScan-I-Gen2 dual 1D array detectors, replacing slow cameras and enabling fast, balanced THz detection.

Key advantages of this detection scheme include:

• kHz single-shot THz detection over 500 time points (~20 ps): A stair-step echelon splits the EO gate pulse into 500 beamlets with 40 fs spacing, encoding full THz waveforms onto the two Glaz arrays in each laser shot.
• Camera-class performance without specialized hardware: 1D Glaz arrays circumvent the low readout speed and cost of high-speed 2D cameras, while maintaining temporal resolution.
• High-precision shot-to-shot balanced detection: Pixel-to-pixel deviations ≤ 5% yield ~0.5% uncertainty in THz field amplitudes, critical for resolving subtle magnetic field dependent cyclotron resonance features.
• Dramatically reduced acquisition times: Full 2D pump/THz-probe scans at multiple magnetic fields can be collected in hours rather than days, with SNR comparable to high-speed camera-based 2D THz setups.
• Carrier-resolved dynamics: Using this platform, four cyclotron resonances (heavy/light electrons and holes) in bulk silicon are resolved, allowing extraction of effective masses and B-field dependent decay times for each carrier type.

By combining echelon single-shot sampling with the Glaz LineScan arrays, the system transforms high-field OPTP into a practical, high-throughput technique for investigating carrier-specific dynamics in semiconductors and other complex materials.

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Source: SPIE Conference Proceedings

DOI

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2024 | Optical-pump–terahertz-probe spectroscopy in high magnetic fields with kHz single-shot detection

Authors: Blake S. Dastrup, Peter R.Miedaner, Zhuquan Zhang, Keith A. Nelson

Published: Mar 12, 2024

Faculty/Institution: Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Abstract:

We demonstrate optical pump–THz probe (OPTP) spectroscopy with a variable external magnetic field (0–9 T), in which the time-dependent THz signal is measured by echelon-based single-shot detection at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The method reduces data acquisition times by more than an order of magnitude compared to conventional electro-optic sampling using a scanning delay stage. The approach illustrates the wide applicability of the single-shot measurement approach to non-equilibrium systems that are studied through OPTP spectroscopy, especially in cases where parameters such as magnetic field strength (B) or other experimental parameters are varied. We demonstrate the capabilities of our measurement by performing cyclotron resonance experiments in bulk silicon, where we observe B-field-dependent carrier relaxation and distinct relaxation rates for different carrier types. We use a pair of economical linear array detectors to measure 500 time points on each shot, offering an equivalent performance to camera-based detection with possibilities for higher repetition rates.

Keywords: Electro-optics, Terahertz spectroscopy, Ultrafast measurements, Cyclotron resonance, Ultrafast pump probe spectroscopy

Source: AIP Publishings

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2024 | Determining Excited-State Absorption Properties of a Quinoid Flavin by Polarization-Resolved Transient Spectroscopy

Authors: Yi Xu, Martin T. Peschel, Miriam Jänchen, Richard Foja, Golo Storch, Erling Thyrhaug, Regina de Vivie-Riedle, and Jürgen Hauer

Published: May 6, 2024

Faculty/Institution:

·        Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich

·        Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

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Abstract:

As important naturally occurring chromophores, photophysical/chemical properties of quinoid flavins have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, little is known about the transition dipole moment(TDM) orientation of excited-state absorption transitions of these important compounds. This aspect is of high interest in the fields of photocatalysis and quantum control studies. In this work, we employ polarization-associated spectra (PAS) to study the excited-state absorption transitions and the underlying TDM directions of a standard quinoid flavin compound. As compared to transient absorption anisotropy (TAA), an analysis based on PAS not only avoids diverging signals but also retrieves the relative angle for ESA transitions with respect to known TDM directions. Quantum chemical calculations of excited-state properties lead to good agreement with TA signals measured in magic angle configuration. Only when comparing experiment and theory for TAA spectra and PAS, do we find deviations when and only when the S0 → S1 of flavin is used as a reference. We attribute this to the vibronic coupling of this transition to a dark state. This effect is only observed in the employed polarization-controlled spectroscopy and would have gone unnoticed in conventional TA.

Source: ACS Publications

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2024 | Simplifying the Analysis of Ultrafast Dynamics by Polarization Control

Authors: Xu, Yi; Advisor: Hauer, Jürgen(Prof. Dr.); Referee: Hauer, Jürgen (Prof. Dr.); Kartouzian, Aras (Dr.)

Published: Jul 26, 2024

Faculty/Institution: Professur für Dynamische Spektroskopien (Prof. Hauer), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich

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Abstract:

Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is a powerful technique to study the dynamics of photo-excited states in various systems. This thesis shows how transient spectra can be disentangled by applying a polarization-based strategy. This approach greatly reduces spectral congestion in complex systems and provides information on the directions of transition dipole moments (TDMs).

Source: TUM

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License: CC BY 4.0

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2025 | Shot-to-shot acquisition in ultrafast electron diffraction

Authors: Remi Claude, Michele Puppin, Bruce Weaver, Paolo Usai, Thomas LaGrange, Fabrizio Carbone

Published: Sep 8, 2025

Faculty/Institution: Laboratory of Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron scattering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Abstract:

We demonstrate a novel shot-to-shot acquisition method for optical pump - keV electron energy probe in ultrafast scattering experiments. We integrate a phase-locked acquisition scheme at a repetition rate of 20kHz in a conventional ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) setup. We proceed to a full characterization of the noise level in different configurations and for realistic scenarios. The shot-to-shot acquisition improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by one order of magnitude and can be readily implemented in other high-repetition rate electron diffraction and spectroscopy setups.

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Source: DOI

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License: CC BY 4.0

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